Monastery of Santa María de Sobrado

Sobrado dos Monxes / San Salvador and Santiago / Superato

(Sobrado, A Coruña)

Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado

The Monastery of Sobrado was founded in the year 952 by Counts Hermenegildo Aloitez and his wife Paterna, with the decisive involvement of their son Sisnando, Bishop of Iria (951-968). At that time, it was a double monastery, with both a male and a female community. The house, dedicated to Saint Salvador and Saint James, was placed under the patronage of the founding family. Hermenegildo Aloitez, already widowed, joined the monastery as a monk in 958.

Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Baroque facade of the church

During this early period of the monastery, the figure of Saint Pedro de Mezonzo stands out. He was a monk at the Monastery of Mezonzo and later abbot of Sobrado (965–985). From the year 1006 onwards, the monastery seems to have entered a period of decline and, possibly, in 1044, it was attacked by Norman invaders, forcing the community to disperse. In 1060, Ferdinand I of León and Galicia (c. 1018-1065) incorporated it into the royal patrimony. There is evidence of its community in 1080, but shortly afterwards it was likely abandoned. Meanwhile, the monastery's patronage passed through various hands until Queen Urraca of León (1081-1126) donated it, in 1118, to Count Fernando Pérez de Traba and his brother Bermudo.

Finally, in 1142, the patrons ceded the abandoned monastery to the Cistercian Order, which restored it and turned it into a cenobium under the dedication of Saint Mary. The Cistercians adapted the old structures to their needs; it is known that, by the mid-12th century, the church was rebuilt, and by 1216, the majority of the buildings were completed. During the 13th century, the monastery received numerous donations from the nobility, enabling it to amass considerable wealth. Thanks to this prosperity, Sobrado participated in the foundation of other Cistercian houses: Santa María de Benavides, or Valverde (Palencia, 1169), Santa María de Valdediós (Asturias, 1198), and Santa María de Monfero (La Coruña, 1201).

Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado

Later, the monastery experienced a period of decline until, in 1498, it was incorporated into the Congregation of Castile, which revitalized its economy and allowed for major reconstruction works that affected virtually the entire monastic complex. These works were extended throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. The monastery remained active until 1834, when it was suppressed and passed into private hands, leading to its deterioration. In 1930, after suffering significant damage, the complex was declared a national monument and began to be restored in 1954. In 1966, a new Trappist community was established there.

The church of the Monastery of Sobrado, in Baroque style, is a building with three naves and a transept, constructed during the last quarter of the 17th century and the early 18th century, and inaugurated in 1708. Attached to the transept is the Chapel of San Juan, or of the Ordóñez family, dated to around 1230. From this period, or possibly slightly earlier, is the chapter house, a rectangular room with vaulted ceilings supported by four columns. The kitchen, located next to the refectory, is also from an earlier time. The so-called Reglar cloister, which is large and forms the center of the complex, dates from the 18th century. The monastery also has two additional cloisters.

Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado

Affiliation of Sobrado

According to Originum Cisterciensium (L. Janauschek, 1877)

Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Cloister of the Hospedería
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Cloister of the Hospedería
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Cloister of the Hospedería
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Reglar Cloister
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Reglar Cloister
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Kitchen
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Chapter house
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Chapter house
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Portal of the sacristy
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Sacristy
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Capella del Rosario
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Church
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Church
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Chapel of San Juan
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Chapel of San Juan
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Chapel of San Juan
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Chapel of San Juan
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Chapel of San Juan
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
Chapel of San Juan
Santa María de Sobrado
Santa María de Sobrado
The monastery under restoration

Bibliography:
  • DE LA FUENTE, Vicente (2005). El Monasterio de Santa María de Sobrado: su relación con Betanzos y Fray Atilano Melguizo, su último monje exclaustrado. Anuario brigantino, núm. 28
  • ESCUDERO, Gonzalo J. (2021). Los condes de Présaras y la fundación de San Salvador de Sobrado. El intento de una parentela magnaticia por recuperar su preeminencia en Gallecia. Studia Historica, vol. 21
  • FREIRE CAMANIEL, José (1998). El monacato gallego en la alta edad media, vol. II. La Corunya: Fund. Pedro Barrié de la Maza
  • JANAUSCHEK, Leopoldus (1877). Originum Cisterciensium. Vol. 1. Viena
  • LÓPEZ SANGIL, José Luis (2001). La fundación del monasterio de san Salvador de Cines. Anuario brigantino, núm. 24
  • LÓPEZ SANGIL, José Luis (2010). Breve historia de la primera etapa del monasterio de Sobrado y del comienzo de la segunda etapa cisterciense. Rudesindus, núm. 6
  • ORDÓÑEZ, Santiago F. (1998). Sobrado dos Monxes. Primer monasterio cisterciense de España. Lleó: Edilesa
  • PÉREZ GONZÁLEZ, José María; dir. (2013). Enciclopedia del románico en Galicia. A Coruña. Aguilar de Campoo: Fundación Santa María la Real
  • PÉREZ RODRÍGUEZ, Francisco Javier (2008). Mosteiros de Galicia na Idade Media. Ourense: Deputación Provincial de Ourense
  • RÍO VÁZQUEZ, Antonio S. (2010). La reconstrucción del monasterio cisterciense de Sobrado de los Monjes. Restauro Archeologico, núm. 2
  • SÁ BRAVO, Hipólito de (1972). El monacato en Galicia. Vol. 1. La Corunya: Librigal
  • SÁ BRAVO, Hipólito de (1972). Monasterios cistercienses. Sobrado de los Monjes, Santa María de Monfero. La Corunya: Librigal
  • VALLE PÉREZ, José Carlos (1982). La arquitectura cisterciense en Galicia. La Corunya: Fundación Pedro Barrié de la Maza, 1982

Location:
Vista aèria

Sobrado is located inland, between Santiago de Compostela and Lugo