Abbey of Saint-Laumer de Blois

S Launomari Blesensis / S Lomer / Saint-Nicolas

(Blois, Loir-et-Cher)

Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Photo by Wladyslaw, on Wikimedia

The Benedictine abbey of Saint-Laumer originated far from the city of Blois, at the monastery of Corbion (Orne), founded by Saint Laumer around 575. That monastery enjoyed royal protection and flourished, but the threat of the Norman invasions forced the community to flee in search of a safer place to settle. In this context, around 873, the monks of Corbion arrived in Blois, where they settled temporarily.

Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois

In 924, King Rudolph I of France (890–936) granted them the church of Saint-Lubin, where they settled permanently. During the 11th century a new monastery was built, and the church was dedicated to Saint Laumer, the founder of Corbion. After a fire in 1114, the construction of a new church began in 1134, with the support of Theobald IV, Count of Blois (c. 1090–1152). In 1186, once the work had been completed, the relics of Saint Laumer were transferred from the old church. At the beginning of the 13th century, work was still underway on the first bays of the nave and on the façade.

The monastery originally stood outside the town walls, but during the Hundred Years' War new fortifications were built, enclosing it within the city's defensive perimeter. Throughout the 14th century and until the first half of the 16th century, new buildings were added, turning it into a substantial monastic complex. In 1568, the town of Blois and Saint-Laumer Abbey were affected by the French Wars of Religion. The Huguenots occupied the monastery, leaving it in ruins; the church was burned and the monastic buildings were severely damaged. During the 17th and 18th centuries, after the Maurists took charge of the monastery, it was restored.

Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois

In 1791 the monastic community was forced to leave the abbey as a result of the French Revolution. The Bishop of Blois, whose diocese had been created in 1697, suppressed the parish church of Saint-Nicolas and transferred its functions to the former abbey church, which adopted the dedication of the old parish. At the same time, the monastic buildings were adapted for charitable and educational purposes. During the 19th century, much of the former monastery was demolished or altered. The church also underwent several modifications.

The present church is the result of the successive alterations made to the 12th-century building. From that period, the transept, the chancel and the east end survive. The chancel is almost as wide as the transept and is divided into five aisles of two bays; the three central aisles align with those of the church and terminate in an apse with an ambulatory and three radiating chapels. The nave and the façade date from the 13th century. In the 14th century, the central apse was rebuilt with a rectangular plan. The whole complex underwent rebuilding, especially after the Huguenot attack, followed by later restorations.

Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Monasticon Gallicanum
Bibliothèque nationale de France
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Schematic plan of the church
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Coat of arms of the abbey of Saint-Laumer de Blois
According to Armorial général de France (18th century)
Bibliothèque nationale de France
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Detail of Bloys (Georg Braun, 1645)
Bibliothèque nationale de France

Saint Laumer and the monastery of Corbion
Saint-Laumer de Blois
Saint Laumer
Illustration from Miroir historial (Vincent de Beauvais, 15th century)
Bibliothèque nationale de France

The monastery of Corbion (Orne) was founded by Saint Laumer. According to tradition, he was born around 516 into a humble family near Chartres. He worked as a shepherd until entering the monastery of Saint-Mesmin de Micy (Loiret), founded around 508, where he met Saint Mesmin, Saint Avitus and other monks. After twelve years there, he decided to withdraw as a hermit, although he first spent some time in Chartres with the bishop of that diocese. He eventually settled as a solitary, but soon attracted a community of followers, and around 575 a new monastery was established at present-day Moutiers-au-Perche (Orne).

The new foundation at Moutiers became the monastery of Corbion, of which Laumer was the first abbot. He died at Chartres around 594, and shortly afterwards his body was transferred to Corbion. At the end of the 9th century, the community fled because of Viking raids, carrying the founder's relics with them to Blois in 873. In 929, the last abbot of Corbion died and no successor was appointed. Although the monastery later regained some activity, it never recovered its abbey status and eventually became a priory.

Saint-Laumer de Blois
Remains of the Corbion monastery
Old postcard, private collection

Bibliography:
  • BEAUNIER, Dom (1905). Recueil historique des Archêvechés, Évêchés, Abbayes et Prieurés de France. Vol. 1. Province ecclésiastique de Paris. París: Poussielgue
  • BERNIER, Jean (1682). Histoire de Blois contenant les antiquitez & singularitez du Comté de Blois. París: Muguet
  • DEVELLE, Edmond (1919). Saint-Nicolas de Blois: une paroisse de Loir-et-Cher pendant la Révolution. Blois : G. Imprimerie
  • GUÉRIN, Paul (1888). Les Petits Bollandistes. Vies des saints. Vol. 1. París: Bloud et Barral
  • LESUEUR, Frédéric (1923). L'église abbatiale de Saint-Lomer de Blois. Bulletin Monumental, vol. 82
  • LESUEUR, Frédéric (1925). L'église et l'abbaye bénédictine de Saint-Lomer de Blois. Blois: Grandpré
  • LESUEUR, Frédéric (1936). Blois. Congrès archéologique de France, 88 ss. Société française d'archéologie. París: Picard
  • MARS, Noel (1646, reéd. 1869). Histoire du royal monastère de Sainct-Lomer de Blois de l'ordre de Sainct-Benoist. Blois: Marchand
  • PAROISSE BLOIS-CENTRE. Église Saint-Nicolas. Blois
  • PEIGNÉ-DELACOURT, Achille (1877). Monasticon Gallicanum. Paris: G. Chamerot
  • RIBADENEYRA Pedro de (1857). Les vies des saints et fêtes de toute l'année, volum 1. París: L. Vivès
  • SAINT-MAUR, Congregació de (1744). Gallia Christiana in provincias ecclesiasticas distributa. Vol. 8. París: Typographia Regia
  • VINET, Maurice (1960). Le Royal monastère bénédictin de Saint-Laumer de Blois. La Roche-sur-Yon: Imp. centrale de l'Ouest

Location:
Vista aèria

The former Saint-Laumer Abbey, now the church of Saint-Nicolas, stands in the centre of Blois, close to the Loire