Priory of Saint-Désiré

Sanctus Desideratus

(Saint-Désiré, Allier)

Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré

Saint Desideratus was bishop of the diocese of Bourges between 538 and 552. According to tradition, while returning from a council held in Clermont, he died in this place and was buried here. From the 7th century onwards, there is evidence of a church dedicated to Saint-Martial on this site, which later became the property of the priory of La Chapelaude (Allier), itself dependent on the abbey of Saint-Denis (Seine-Saint-Denis), near Paris.

Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré

At the site of Desideratus’s burial, in the mid-11th century, Ebbes de Déols and Archambaud de Bourbon —brother of Aymon, bishop of Bourges— founded a priory that they placed under the jurisdiction of the monastery of Sacra di San Michele (San Michele della Chiusa), to the west of Turin. Between 1066 and 1091, the abbot Benedict of La Chiusa had the crypt arranged where the saint’s tomb was kept and built a new church.

A document from Pope Urban II, dated 1095, mentions Saint-Désiré among the possessions of San Michele. This connection aroused the opposition of Abbot Suger of Saint-Denis, who also claimed jurisdiction over it. The reason for this dispute may have lain in the importance the priory had acquired through the popular devotion generated by the presence of the relics of the holy bishop. The priory of Saint-Désiré remained under the authority of the Italian abbey until the Revolution.

Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré

The church, of Romanesque origin, survives from the former establishment. It has three naves with a transept and dates from the 12th century. The chancel rises above a crypt, the oldest part of the complex, probably from the time of its foundation. The chevet, probably built around 1100, consists of five apses: the main one is as wide as the central nave; the next two correspond to the side aisles, and the smallest open at the ends of the transept. The building was listed as a historic monument in 1864. During restoration work carried out in the 19th century, the remains of Romanesque mural painting it still preserved —dated 1118— were lost.

Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Church floor plan
Published in L’église de Saint-Désiré (1991)
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Crypt
Saint-Désiré
Saint-Désiré
Crypt

Bibliography:
  • ANDRAULT-SCHMITT, Claude (1991). L’église de Saint-Désiré. Congrès archéologique de France, 146 ss. Bourbonnais. Société Française d'Archéologie
  • CHÉNON, Émile (1915). Histoire et coutumes du prieuré de La Chapelle-Aude. París: Sirey
  • DESHOULIÈRES, M. (1939). Saint-Désiré. Congrès archéologique de France, 101 ss. Allier. Société Française d'Archéologie
  • DUPONT, Jean (1976). Nivernais, Boubonnais roman. La nuit des temps, núm.45. Zodiaque, 1976
  • PFLUGK-HARTTUNG, Julius: ed. (1884). Acta Pontificum Romanorum inedita, vol. 2. Stuttgart: Verlag
  • PRADEL, Pierre (1934). Saint-Désiré et Huriel. Moulins: Crépin-Leblond

Location:
Vista aèria

Saint-Désiré lies to the northwest of Montluçon