Priory of Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte

Casa Vice Comitis / S Nicholai / Casam

(La Chaize-le-Vicomte, Vendée)

Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Restored portal (19th century)

Since 1069, the Benedictines of Saint-Florent de Saumur (Maine-et-Loire) held properties in this place, including the church of Saint-Jean, which had been granted to them by the viscount of Thouars. The viscount’s family had a residence or castle here. In 1091, the monks of Saumur began the construction of a new church beside the castle, with the support of the viscount Aimery IV (1020–1093). The building was dedicated to Saint Nicholas and became the seat of a priory.

Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte

In 1099 the church was consecrated, a structure that still survives, although mutilated. It soon became an establishment of some importance and maintained a stable community of twelve monks. Because of the danger posed by the Hundred Years’ War, the church was fortified, as can still be seen from the remains preserved on the north side of the façade; in fact, it formed part of a defensive complex together with the castle.

By the sixteenth century the establishment was in clear decline, partly as a result of the introduction of the commendatory system, and the church fell into a very poor state of repair. It also suffered from the effects of the Wars of Religion. In 1701 it is already mentioned that only the nave of the church remained open for worship, while the rest was in ruins. After the Revolution it was desacralised and converted into a slaughterhouse; shortly afterwards, however, worship was restored and works of conservation and restoration began.

Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Fortification
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Apse, now missing

The present church still preserves the five bays of the three naves, the lateral ones being very narrow. The central part of the transept survives, but the apses that formed the chevet have disappeared: the central apse and the two lateral ones that opened onto the arms of the transept, which have also vanished. In the eighteenth century a bell tower was erected over the first bay of the nave; the central tower planned above the transept was probably never completed. The capitals that decorate the interior of the church should also be noted. The portal, on the other hand, is a nineteenth-century reconstruction. The tomb of Aimery IV, who is believed to have been buried here, has not been preserved.

Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Side-aisle
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Capital with minstrels
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Birds and personalities
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Birds with human heads
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Capital with minstrels and fantastic figures
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Capital with minstrels and fantastic figures
Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte
Abbey of Saint-Florent de Saumur,
on which this priory depended
Monasticon Gallicanum
Bibliothèque nationale de France

Bibliography:
  • ANDRAULT-SCHMITT, Claude (1996). La Chaize-le-Vicomte: Église Saint-Nicolas. Congrès Archéologique de France. Vendée. París: Société Française d’Archéologie
  • ANDRAULT-SCHMITT, Claude (2009). Une source inédite pour l’art roman : l’histoire de la construction de l’église Saint-Nicolas de la Chaize-Le-Vicomte (Vendée) entre 1091 et 1099. Bulletin Monumental, vol. 167
  • BEAUNIER, Dom (1910). Abbayes et prieurés de l'ancienne France. Vol. 3: Auch, Bordeaux. Abbaye de Ligugé
  • DELHOMMEAU, Louis (s/d). Eglise Saint-Nicolas. La Chaize-le-Vicomte
  • DILLANGE, Michel (1976). Vendée romane. La nuit des temps, 44. Zodiaque
  • SOCIÉTÉ D’ÉMULATION DE LA VENDÉE (1873). Dotation et Dédicace de Saint-Nicolas de La Chaize-le-Vicomte. Annuaire Départamental de la Société d’Émulation de La Vendée. La Roche-sur-Yon

Location:
Vista aèria

La Chaize-le-Vicomte lies to the east of La Roche-sur-Yon